A
1. Ab initio – From the beginning
2. Actio personalis moritur cum persona – A personal right of action dies with the person
3. Actori incumbit onus probandi – The burden of proof lies on the plaintiff
4. Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea – An act does not make a person guilty unless the mind is guilty
5. Ad infinitum – Without limit, endlessly
6. Ad hoc – For a particular purpose
7. Ad idem – Meeting of minds
8. Ad litem – For the suit
9. Audi alteram partem – Hear the other side
10. Animus possidendi – Intention to possess
B
11. Bona fide – In good faith
12. Bona vacantia – Goods without an owner
13. Boni judicis est lites dirimere – It is the duty of a good judge to prevent disputes
14. Brutum fulmen – An empty threat or ineffective order
15. Beneficium accrescit succedaneum – Benefit accrues to the substitute
C
16. Casus belli – Cause of war
17. Causa causans – Immediate cause
18. Causa proxima, non remota spectatur – The immediate cause, not the remote one, is considered
19. Consensus ad idem – Agreement of minds
20. Constitutiones principum leges habent vigorem – The decrees of the prince have the force of law
21. Corpus delicti – The body of the crime
22. Caveat emptor – Let the buyer beware
23. Caveat venditor – Let the seller beware
24. Consensus facit legem – Consent makes the law
25. Contra bonos mores – Against good morals
D
26. De facto – In fact
27. De jure – By law
28. De minimis non curat lex – The law does not concern itself with trifles
29. Dies non juridicus – A day on which no legal business can be done
30. Dictum – A remark by a judge which is not binding
31. Doli incapax – Incapable of crime
32. Dura lex sed lex – The law is harsh, but it is the law
33. Domus sua cuique est tutissimum refugium – Every man’s house is his safest refuge
34. Delegatus non potest delegare – A delegate cannot further delegate
35. Delictum – A wrong or offence
E
36. Ejúsdem generis – Of the same kind
37. Ex gratia – As a favour, not as a right
38. Ex officio – By virtue of office
39. Ex post facto – After the fact
40. Expressio unius est exclusio alterius – Express mention of one excludes others
41. Ex turpi causa non oritur actio – No action arises from an immoral cause
42. Estoppel – Preclusion from denying a fact
43. Ex aequo et bono – According to equity and good conscience
44. Ex debito justitiae – As a debt of justice
45. Ex parte – From one side only
F
46. Fait accompli – An accomplished fact
47. Factum valet quod fieri non debuit – What ought not to be done becomes valid when done
48. Fiat justitia ruat caelum – Let justice be done though the heavens fall
49. Functus officio – Having discharged his duty
50. Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus – False in one thing, false in everything
G
51. Generalia specialibus non derogant – General things do not derogate from special things
52. Gladius legis est in manu judicis – The sword of the law is in the hands of the judge
53. Guardians ad litem – Guardians for the suit
54. Gratuitous – Without consideration
55. Gross negligence – Utter disregard of duty
H
56. Habeas corpus – You may have the body (writ for unlawful detention)
57. Hostis humani generis – Enemy of mankind
58. Habendum et tenendum – To have and to hold
59. Hic et nunc – Here and now
60. Hoc sensu – In this sense
I
61. Ignorantia juris non excusat – Ignorance of law is no excuse
62. Ignorantia facti excusat – Ignorance of fact excuses
63. In personam – Against a person
64. In rem – Against the world
65. In limine – At the outset
66. In situ – In its original place
67. Intra vires – Within powers
68. Inter vivos – Between living persons
69. Ipso facto – By that very fact
70. Interest reipublicae ut sit finis litium – It is in the interest of the State that there be an end to litigation
J
71. Jus cogens – Compelling law
72. Jus naturale – Natural law
73. Jus soli – Right of the soil (citizenship by birthplace)
74. Jus sanguinis – Right of blood (citizenship by parentage)
75. Jus civile – Civil law
76. Jus gentium – Law of nations
77. Jus in personam – Right against a person
78. Jus in rem – Right against the world
79. Juris et de jure – Presumption of law not rebuttable
80. Jure divino – By divine right
L
81. Laches – Delay defeats equity
82. Lex loci – Law of the place
83. Lex posterior derogat priori – Later law repeals earlier one
84. Lex non cogit ad impossibilia – The law does not compel the impossible
85. Lex specialis derogat legi generali – Special law overrides general law
86. Lis pendens – Pending litigation
87. Legatus a latere – A special representative
88. Lex fori – Law of the forum
89. Lex loci contractus – Law of the place where contract is made
90. Lex loci celebrationis – Law of the place of celebration
M
91. Malus animus – Bad intention
92. Mens rea – Guilty mind
93. Modus operandi – Mode of operation
94. Mala fide – In bad faith
95. Mandamus – We command (writ)
96. Mutatis mutandis – With necessary changes
97. Mortis causa – By reason of death
98. Motu proprio – On his own motion
99. Minima non curat praetor – The praetor does not concern himself with trifles
100. Monstrans de droit – Showing of right
N
101. Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa – No one should be a judge in his own cause
102. Nemo dat quod non habet – No one can give what he does not have
103. Nemo moriturus praesumitur mentire – A man will not meet his maker with a lie in his mouth
104. Nemo plus juris ad alium transferre potest quam ipse habet – No one can transfer a better title than he himself has
105. Nemo potest esse tenens et dominus – No one can be both tenant and landlord of the same property
106. Nemo potest esse simul actor et judex – No one can be both party and judge
107. Nemo potest esse haeres viventis – No one can be heir of a living person
108. Nemo presumitur esse immemor sui – No one is presumed forgetful of himself
109. Nihil dicit – He says nothing (default in pleadings)
110. Novus actus interveniens – New intervening act
O
111. Obiter dictum – A statement made in passing (not binding)
112. Obligatio est vinculum juris – Obligation is a bond of law
113. Onus probandi – Burden of proof
114. Optima lex quae minimum relinquit arbitrio judicis – The best law leaves least discretion to the judge
115. Optimus interpres rerum usus – Usage is the best interpreter of things
116. Omnia praesumuntur contra spoliatorem – All things are presumed against a wrongdoer
117. Omnia praesumuntur rite esse acta – All things are presumed to have been done rightly
118. Obligatio naturalis – Natural obligation
119. Opinio juris sive necessitatis – Belief that an act is legally obligatory
120. Oratio obliqua – Indirect speech
P
121. Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be kept
122. Pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis – In equal fault, the defendant’s position is stronger
123. Parens patriae – Parent of the nation (State as guardian)
124. Persona non grata – An unacceptable person
125. Prima facie – On the face of it
126. Post mortem – After death
127. Pro bono publico – For the public good
128. Pro rata – In proportion
129. Pro tanto – To that extent
130. Pro tempore – For the time being
Q
131. Quid pro quo – Something for something
132. Quo warranto – By what authority (writ)
133. Quantum meruit – As much as he has earned
134. Quorum – Minimum number required to conduct business
135. Quieta non movere – Do not disturb settled matters
136. Qui facit per alium facit per se – He who acts through another acts himself
137. Qui sentit commodum sentire debet et onus – He who enjoys the benefit must also bear the burden
138. Qui prior est tempore potior est jure – He who is earlier in time is stronger in law
139. Quod approbo non reprobo – One cannot approve and disapprove the same thing
140. Quod necessitas non habet legem – Necessity knows no law
R
141. Ratio decidendi – The reason for a decision (binding part of judgment)
142. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing speaks for itself
143. Res judicata – A matter already judged
144. Res nullius – Property belonging to no one
145. Res gestae – Things done (facts forming part of same transaction)
146. Res integra – An untouched matter
147. Res inter alios acta – A transaction between others
148. Res publica – The State, commonwealth
149. Res sub judice – A matter under judicial consideration
150. Respondeat superior – Let the master answer
S
151. Salus populi suprema lex – The welfare of the people is the supreme law
152. Sine die – Without a fixed date
153. Sine qua non – An essential condition
154. Status quo – The existing state of affairs
155. Stare decisis – To stand by decisions (precedent rule)
156. Sub judice – Under a judge’s consideration
157. Subpoena – Under penalty (order to attend court)
158. Sui generis – Of its own kind
159. Suppressio veri, expressio falsi – Suppression of truth is equivalent to expression of falsehood
160. Supremus lex – The supreme law
T
161. Terra nullius – Land belonging to no one
162. Testamentum – A will
163. Transgressio est continua – A continuing trespass
164. Tortum ab initio – Wrong from the beginning
165. Tutela legitima – Legal guardianship
166. Traditio brevi manu – Delivery with the short hand (without physical transfer)
167. Trespass ab initio – Trespass from the beginning
168. Talis qualis – Such as it is
169. Tempus edax rerum – Time devours all things
170. Turpis causa – Immoral cause
U
171. Ubi jus ibi remedium – Where there is a right, there is a remedy
172. Ultra vires – Beyond powers
173. Ubi eadem ratio ibi idem jus – Where there is the same reason, there is the same law
174. Ubique – Everywhere
175. Usque ad coelum et ad inferos – Ownership of land extends up to the sky and down to the earth
176. Usufruct – Right to use and enjoy property
177. Ut res magis valeat quam pereat – It is better for a thing to have effect than to be void
178. Unumquodque dissolvitur eodem modo quo colligatum est – Everything is dissolved in the same manner in which it is bound
179. Usura – Interest
180. Ultima ratio – Last resort
V
181. Vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt – The law helps the vigilant, not those who sleep
182. Vis-à-vis – In relation to
183. Vice versa – The other way round
184. Viva voce – By word of mouth
185. Volenti non fit injuria – No injury is done to one who consents
186. Vox populi vox dei – Voice of the people is the voice of God
187. Verbatim – Word for word
188. Veto – I forbid
189. Venire facias – Judicial writ for summoning jurors
190. Vacatio legis – A period between publication of a law and its enforcement
Z / Misc.
191. Zebra crossing maxim (metaphorical in tort law) – Pedestrian right of way
192. Zoning law maxim – Usage restriction by State
193. Zonam prohibitam – Prohibited zone
194. Zelum juris – Jealousy of the law
195. Zonam tutam – Safe zone
196. Zonam liberam – Free zone
197. Zelum legis – Spirit of the law
198. Zonam periculosam – Dangerous zone
199. Zelus justitiae – Zeal for justice
200. Zonam restrictionis – Restricted area
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