The UPSC Law Optional is a high-scoring option for candidates with a law background—provided you master the syllabus, case law, and answer writing. The optional consists of Paper 1 and Paper 2.

• Constitutional Law: constitutionalism, FR/DPSP, federalism, judiciary, emergency, amendment, landmark cases.
• Public International Law: sources, state responsibility, treaties, UN, jurisdiction, IHL basics.
• Criminal Law: general principles, offences, defences, culpability; basics of CrPC.
• Law of Torts: negligence, nuisance, defamation, strict/absolute liability, vicarious liability.

• Law of Contracts: essentials, breach/remedies, indemnity/guarantee, agency, partnership basics.
• Law of Evidence: relevancy, admissions/confessions, presumptions, burden, witnesses.
• Law of Civil Procedure: jurisdiction, pleadings, interim reliefs, appeals, execution, limitation overview.
• Labour Law: industrial relations, wages, social security, termination principles (high yield).
• Company Law: incorporation, management, winding up, governance basics.