Read CLAT UG 2024 Set A (and Set B) in the reader below, then work the explained questions: English 1–24, Current Affairs & GK 25–52, Legal Reasoning 53–84, Logical Reasoning 85–108, Quantitative Techniques 109–120. Official keys follow the Consortium Set A appendix.
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Passage 1in the realm of conte mporary literature, the interplay between character and setting is a nuanced dance that shapes the narrative’s essence. the setting, often described with painstaking detail, becomes more than a backdrop; it becomes a character, influencing the plot and character development. Consider, for instance, the barren expanse of the desert in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake. the arid landscape mirrors the sense of isolation felt by the protagonist, Gogol, as he navigates his identity crisis in a foreign land. the relentless sun and vast sands are not mere descriptions; they are the silent witnesses to his inner turmoil. On the other end of the literary spectrum, there is Arundhati roy’s The God of Small Things. the lush, vibrant Kerala backwaters are not just the setting; they are a character woven into the fabric of the story. The teeming, humid landscape reflects the complex web of human relationships and secrets that unravel in the narrative. This interplay is not confined to contemporary literature alone. in Shakespeare’s timeless tragedy Macbeth, the eerie and foreboding setting of the Scottish moors casts a dark shadow over the characters’ actions. the moors, shrouded in mist and mystery, serve as an ever-present omen of the impending tragedy.
Q1
i n contemporary literature, how is the relationship between character and setting described in the passage?
(A) it is non-existent; characters and settings are entirely separate entities
(B) It is a complex interplay where the setting influences the plot and character development
(C) Characters and settings are interchangeable
(D) Settings are insignificant in contemporary literature
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “It is a complex interplay where the setting influences the plot and character development”. (A) is weaker: “it is non-existent; characters and settings are entirely separate entities” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Characters and settings are interchangeable” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Settings are insignificant in contemporary literature” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
i n the novel, The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri, what does the barren desert landscape symbolize?
(A) A thriving community
(B) the protagonist’s sense of isolation and identity crisis
(C) A lush, vibrant setting
(D) A happy, carefree life
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the protagonist’s sense of isolation and identity crisis”. (A) is weaker: “A thriving community” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “A lush, vibrant setting” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “A happy, carefree life” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What role does the Scottish moors play in Shakespeare’s Macbeth?
(A) it serves as a beautiful, serene landscape
(B) It has no influence on the characters’ actions
(C) it is an ever-present omen of impending tragedy
(D) it is a place for the characters to relax
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it is an ever-present omen of impending tragedy”. (A) is weaker: “it serves as a beautiful, serene landscape” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “It has no influence on the characters’ actions” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “it is a place for the characters to relax” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What does the term “interplay” refer to in the context of the passage?
(A) A lack of interaction between characters and setting
(B) A complex relationship where the setting influences the narrative
(C) An insignificant connection between characters and setting
(D) A complete separation of characters and setting
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “A complex relationship where the setting influences the narrative”. (A) is weaker: “A lack of interaction between characters and setting” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “An insignificant connection between characters and setting” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “A complete separation of characters and setting” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following words best describes the setting in The God of Small Things?
(A) boring
(B) Lush and vibrant
(C) Insignificant
(D) Dark and foreboding
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Lush and vibrant”. (A) is weaker: “boring” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Insignificant” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Dark and foreboding” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
(A) The characters in contemporary literature are not influenced by their settings
(B) Setting in literature is unimportant
(C) In literature, settings can be as influential as characters in shaping the narrative
(D) Settings have no role in character development
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “In literature, settings can be as influential as characters in shaping the narrative”. (A) is weaker: “The characters in contemporary literature are not influenced by their settings” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Setting in literature is unimportant” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Settings have no role in character development” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 2the crisis of justice that is the subject matter of discussion in the media today is in fact the crisis of “justice for the middle class”. the main difference between india and the OeCd (Organisation for economic Cooperation and development) countries is that whereas the middle class in these countries has reasonable access to justice, in india it does not. A vocal and powerful middle class has emerged in india since 1991. it is demanding reasonable access to justice. much of the judicial reform effort will help meet this demand… t he question of justice for the poor is, however, an altogether different challenge. No country in the world has been able to secure justice for the poor. most of the jails of the richest countries are filled with the poorest. The “masses” are more often victims of the criminal justice system than of crime. In India as well, jails are almost exclusively filled with the poor. the civil justice system is hardly accessible to them. they are often victimised by lawyers, touts and court staff. they are docket-excluded, a new type of untouchability. the language and the logic—and the colonial and feudal culture—of the judicial system are alien to them. it rarely takes cognisance of their needs and interests. their main concern, therefore, is to escape the attention of the justice system, criminal and civil. A landless dalit person in the interior of madhya Pradesh once gave me an insightful definition of a court from the perspective of the masses: “A court is a place where you are forcibly taken by the police to be punished; no one goes to a court.” in contrast, many lawyers and judges colloquially define a court as “a temple of justice where rights are protected”. t hese sharply divergent visions mean that justice for one section is often injustice for another. Protecting the livelihood of traditional taxi and auto drivers from predatory pricing by corporate app-based taxi providers by imaginatively using the available tools of law to delay their incursion would be seen by the rich and by sections of the middle class as a failure of the judicial system, and possibly as also resulting in a downgrading of the “ease of doing business” measure. However, the masses would see such a judicial intervention as strong evidence of a good justice system. Although the conflict over competing visions of the nation and conflicting demands from social and economic segments have confined judicial reform of judicial administration mainly to “neutral” areas such as process reform, procedural law, technology, planning and court and case management, judge strength, and the workload of judges, there has been considerable improvement in these areas, and the judicial system has improved its performance. [extracted, with edits, from “Justice and the two ideas of india”, by G. mohan Gopal, Frontline]
Q7
What is the central thesis of the above extract?
(A) the practice of untouchability takes various forms in modern india
(B) the imagination of justice for the rich and poor is vastly different
(C) Addressing judge strength and case-load management does not affect the performance of the judicial system
(D) Protecting the livelihood of traditional taxi drivers is contrary to the goals of ease of doing business
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the imagination of justice for the rich and poor is vastly different”. (A) is weaker: “the practice of untouchability takes various forms in modern india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Addressing judge strength and case-load management does not affect the performance of the judicial system” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Protecting the livelihood of traditional taxi drivers is contrary to the goals of ease of doing business” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What does the author mean by ‘docket-excluded’ in the second paragraph?
(A) the poor do not have easy access to the justice system
(B) Courts do not list bail petitions of poor undertrial prisoners who populate the country’s jails
(C) the poor reject the judicial system as being alien to their language and logic
(D) the rich are excluded from the country’s prisons, which are mostly populated by the poor
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the poor do not have easy access to the justice system”. (B) is weaker: “Courts do not list bail petitions of poor undertrial prisoners who populate the country’s jails” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the poor reject the judicial system as being alien to their language and logic” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the rich are excluded from the country’s prisons, which are mostly populated by the poor” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following words best describes the experience of different segments of people with the justice system as described in the third paragraph?
(A) Symbiotic
(B) Affective
(C) Conflicting
(D) Inter-dependent
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Conflicting”. (A) is weaker: “Symbiotic” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Affective” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Inter-dependent” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?
(A) The judicial system reflects the same power relationships as those that exist in society
(B) Access to the judicial system is determined more by a person’s economic status such as wealth and income, than by their social status, such as religion and caste
(C) the judicial system was made by the rich, for the rich, of the rich
(D) None of the above
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “The judicial system reflects the same power relationships as those that exist in society”. (B) is weaker: “Access to the judicial system is determined more by a person’s economic status such as wealth and income, than by their social status, such ” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the judicial system was made by the rich, for the rich, of the rich” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “None of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following statements is the author most likely to disagree with?
(A) A truly representative democracy would ensure that the interests of the poor are also represented in the judicial system
(B) the Law ensures equality both in text and in practise
(C) the poor suffer most at the hands of lawyers and touts, compared to judges who might still pronounce judgments in their favour from time to time
(D) All of the above
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the Law ensures equality both in text and in practise”. (A) is weaker: “A truly representative democracy would ensure that the interests of the poor are also represented in the judicial system” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the poor suffer most at the hands of lawyers and touts, compared to judges who might still pronounce judgments in their favour from time to ” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What makes reform of judicial administration a ‘neutral’ area?
(A) Persons across socio-economic strata agree on the need to reform judicial administration
(B) there is consensus among political parties across the ideological and regional spectrum on reforms to judicial administration
(C) r eforms to judicial administration do not favour one class of people over another
(D) reform of judicial administration is mandated by the Constitution, and thus lies beyond political considerations. in this quiet house. it was the place, and the time of life, that she had wanted and prepared for all her life-as she realized on the first day at Carignano, with a great, cool flowering of relief - and at last she had it. She wanted no one and nothing else. Whatever else came, or happened here, would be an unwelcome intrusion and distraction. this she tried to convey to the plodding postman with a cold and piercing stare from the height of the ridge onto his honest bull back. unfortunately, he did not look up at her on the hilltop but stared stolidly down at the dust piling onto his shoes as he plodded on. A bullock-man, an oafish ox, she thought bitterly. She stepped backwards into the garden and the wind suddenly billowed up and threw the pine branches about as though to curtain her. She was grey, tall and thin and her silk sari made a sweeping, shivering sound and she fancied she could merge with the pine trees and be mistaken for one. to be a tree, no more and no less, was all she was prepared to undertake. What pleased and satisfied her so, here at Carignano, was its barrenness. This was the chief virtue of all Kasauli of course-its starkness. it had rocks, it had pines, it had light and air. in every direction there was a sweeping view - to the north, of the mountains, to the south, of the plains. Occasionally an eagle swam through this clear unobstructed mass of light and air, that was all. And Carignano, her home on the ridge, had no more than that. Why should it? the sun shone on its white walls. its windows were open the ones facing north opened on to the blue waves of the Himalayas flowing out and up to the line of ice and snow sketched upon the sky, while those that faced south looked down the plunging cliff to the plain stretching out, flat and sere to the blurred horizon. Yes, there were some apricot trees close to the house. there were clumps of iris that had finished blooming. There was the kitchen with a wing of smoke lifting out of its chimney and a stack of wood outside its door. but these were incidental, almost unimportant. [extracted, with edits and revisions, from “Fire on the mountain” by Anita desai]
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “r eforms to judicial administration do not favour one class of people over another”. (A) is weaker: “Persons across socio-economic strata agree on the need to reform judicial administration” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “there is consensus among political parties across the ideological and regional spectrum on reforms to judicial administration” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “reform of judicial administration is mandated by the Constitution, and thus lies beyond political considerations. in this quiet house. it wa” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What does the protagonist’s preference for “barrenness” and “starkness” at Carignano suggest about her personality?
(A) She enjoys a bustling and vibrant environment
(B) She values simplicity and minimalism in her surroundings
(C) She prefers lush and colorful landscapes
(D) She seeks constant stimulation and variety in her life
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “She values simplicity and minimalism in her surroundings”. (A) is weaker: “She enjoys a bustling and vibrant environment” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “She prefers lush and colorful landscapes” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “She seeks constant stimulation and variety in her life” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What do you get to know about the protagonist’s state of mind from her reaction towards the postman?
(A) She feels grateful for his presence and the assistance he offers
(B) She dislikes any disturbance or interruption in her solitude
(C) She feels suspicious and is interested in the lives of others
(D) She is disinterested and generally unaffected by the presence of others
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “She dislikes any disturbance or interruption in her solitude”. (A) is weaker: “She feels grateful for his presence and the assistance he offers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “She feels suspicious and is interested in the lives of others” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “She is disinterested and generally unaffected by the presence of others” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What does the protagonist’s desire to be mistaken for a pine tree reveal about her mindset?
(A) She desires to be appreciated and noticed by others in society
(B) She has a deep admiration for the beauty of the pine trees
(C) She feels a sense of superiority over other living beings
(D) She yearns to one with nature and escapes from her human identity
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “She yearns to one with nature and escapes from her human identity”. (A) is weaker: “She desires to be appreciated and noticed by others in society” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “She has a deep admiration for the beauty of the pine trees” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “She feels a sense of superiority over other living beings” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
the protagonist’s description of the nestlings’ screams as “shrill and maddening” shows that:
(A) She perceives the sounds to be out of tune yet soothing
(B) She considers the nestlings to be symbols of new life and vitality
(C) She finds the nestlings to be vexatious and irritating
(D) She feels a sense of protectiveness and care towards the nestlings
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “She finds the nestlings to be vexatious and irritating”. (A) is weaker: “She perceives the sounds to be out of tune yet soothing” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “She considers the nestlings to be symbols of new life and vitality” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “She feels a sense of protectiveness and care towards the nestlings” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following statements are true about the protagonist’s overall state of mind in Carignano? Statement I: She experienced a sense of constant restlessness and anguish. Statement II: She felt isolated and disconnected from her environment. Statement III: She was content, fulfilled, and at peace with her surroundings.
(A) Statement i and ii
(B) Statement ii and iii
(C) Only Statement ii
(D) Only Statement iii
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Only Statement iii”. (A) is weaker: “Statement i and ii” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Statement ii and iii” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Only Statement ii” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
in the light of above passage, what role does nature play in the protagonist’s life at Carignano?
(A) it provides her with a source of creativity
(B) it offers her solace, peace, and a sense of belonging
(C) it serves as a reminder of the harsh realities of life
(D) it serves as a constant source of distraction and intrusion for her
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it offers her solace, peace, and a sense of belonging”. (A) is weaker: “it provides her with a source of creativity” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “it serves as a reminder of the harsh realities of life” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “it serves as a constant source of distraction and intrusion for her” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 3english literature is a vast and div erse field that has left an indelible mark on the world of letters. From the eloquent plays of William Shakespeare to the complex novels of Jane Austen and the profound poetry of William Wordsworth, english literature offers a window into the human experience. One of the luminaries of english literature is William Shakespeare, often hailed as the greatest playwright in the history of english language. His works, including Hamlet, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet , are celebrated for their exploration of human nature, love, ambition, and tragedy. His characters, such as the tormented Hamlet and the star-crossed lovers romeo and Juliet, continue to captivate readers and audiences worldwide. the 19 th century ushered in a new era of literary giants. Jane Austen’s novels, such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, provide incisive social commentary through the lens of wit and romance. Austen’s heroines, like elizabeth bennet and elinor dashwood, remain beloved literary figures known for their intelligence and resilience. The Romantic era brought forth poets like William Wordsworth and Samuel taylor Coleridge, who celebrated the beauty of nature and the emotional intensity of the individual. Wordsworth’s ‘‘i Wandered Lonely as a Cloud’’ and Coleridge’s ‘‘the rime of the Ancient mariner’’ are testament to the power of the written words to evoke profound emotions and imagery. moving towards 20th century, english literature continued to evolve. Virginia Woolf’s ground-breaking novel Mrs. Dalloway explored the inner thoughts and lives of its characters with a modernist narrative style. dystopian visions, as seen in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four provided stark warnings about the dangers of totalitarianism and the erosion of individual freedom. t oday, english literature is a global phenomenon, transcending borders and languages. indian authors like Arundhati roy, with her novel The God of Small Things, have won prestigious international literary awards. the book not only explores intricate family dynamics but also delves into the broader socio-political landscape of india. in summary, english literature is a testament to the enduring power of storytelling and the written word. it encompasses an array of authors, themes, and styles that continue to captivate and inspire readers across the world.
Q19
Who is often regarded as the greatest playwright in the history of english language?
(A) Jane Austen
(B) William Wordsworth
(C) William Shakespeare
(D) George Orwell
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “William Shakespeare”. (A) is weaker: “Jane Austen” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “William Wordsworth” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “George Orwell” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of Jane Austen’s novels is known for its social commentary and witty portrayal of romance?
(A) Nineteen Eighty-Four
(B) Sense and Sensibility
(C) “i Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
(D) “the rime of the Ancient mariner”
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Sense and Sensibility”. (A) is weaker: “Nineteen Eighty-Four” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: ““i Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: ““the rime of the Ancient mariner”” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Who are the romantic poets mentioned in the passage known for celebrating nature and intense human emotions?
(A) William Shakespeare and Virginia Woolf
(B) George Orwell and Samuel taylor Coleridge
(C) William Wordsworth and Samuel taylor Coleridge
(D) Jane Austen and Arundhati roy
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “William Wordsworth and Samuel taylor Coleridge”. (A) is weaker: “William Shakespeare and Virginia Woolf” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “George Orwell and Samuel taylor Coleridge” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Jane Austen and Arundhati roy” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the title of Virginia Woolf’s novel known for its modernist narrative style?
(A) Pride and Prejudice
(B) Nineteen Eighty-Four
(C) Mrs. Dalloway
(D) The God of Small Things
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Mrs. Dalloway”. (A) is weaker: “Pride and Prejudice” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Nineteen Eighty-Four” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “The God of Small Things” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
i dentify the 20th century novel mentioned in the passage that provides a warning about the dangers of totalitarianism?
(A) Nineteen Eighty-Four
(B) Romeo and Juliet
(C) Sense and Sensibility
(D) “i Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. (B) is weaker: “Romeo and Juliet” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Sense and Sensibility” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: ““i Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What does the passage highlight as the enduring power of english literature?
(A) its ability to win literary awards
(B) the diversity of its authors, themes, and styles
(C) its ability to captivate and inspire only british readers
(D) the decline of storytelling
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the diversity of its authors, themes, and styles”. (A) is weaker: “its ability to win literary awards” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “its ability to captivate and inspire only british readers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the decline of storytelling” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 4On the evening of the 10th, General dyer arrived at Amritsar, and the deputy-Commissioner handed over the civil power to him. He issued a proclamation by word of mouth that no meetings should be held. two days later, after there had been no sort of riot, nor murder, General dyer heard that a meeting was to be held at the Jallianwala bagh. He proceeded there with about fifty troops, half British, half Indian, and a certain number of Ghurkas, armed with their kukris. the Jallianwala bagh is an open space, half a mile square, which has one entry wide enough for three persons. the troops got in and lined up on a mound of debris. the walls, seven feet high, and the surrounding houses enclosed the people. there were, too, three alleys through which the people might have been able to pass. Within thirty seconds of the troops getting in, General Dyer gave orders to fire, and the crowd of people, estimated at anything from 5,000 to 20,000, who were sitting on the ground peacefully listening to the mob oratory, were fired on. The result of the troops’ fire into the mass of people we do not know. but we do know that dyer’s own estimate of the casualties resulting from ten minutes continual individual firing, was 400 to 500 killed and 1,500 wounded. The people were not able to escape. they were people who had not offered any violence and who had not been warned. these people were shot down. After ten minutes, the ammunition was exhausted and the troops marched off, and they left 1,500 wounded there. there were men lying there for two days, dying of thirst, eating the ground, bleeding to death and nobody to look after them. those who lived nearby came and carried away some of the wounded from the heap of dead and dying, but the unfortunate country people died there miserably of their wounds. this is what is done in 1919 in british india… Centuries hence you will find Indian children brought up to this spot, just as they visit now the Cawnpore Well, and you can imagine the feelings of these indians for generations over this terrible business. [Col. Wedgwood, mP, speaking in the british Parliament, 22 december 1919]
Q25
Which incident is described in the passage?
(A) baisakhi festival at Amritsar, April 1919
(B) Jallianwala bagh massacre, April 1919
(C) Congress Protests of April 1919
(D) Non-Cooperation movement, April 1919
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Jallianwala bagh massacre, April 1919”. (A) is weaker: “baisakhi festival at Amritsar, April 1919” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Congress Protests of April 1919” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Non-Cooperation movement, April 1919” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Why did the General Dyer order to fire on the crowd?
(A) to bring the crowd under control
(B) to scatter the crowd
(C) to teach the crowd a lesson
(D) to enforce the martial law
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to teach the crowd a lesson”. (A) is weaker: “to bring the crowd under control” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “to scatter the crowd” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to enforce the martial law” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
in the light of above passage, what was the intention of the speaker?
(A) to praise General dyer
(B) to expose the deeds of General dyer
(C) to get sympathy for the indians who died
(D) All of the above
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to expose the deeds of General dyer”. (A) is weaker: “to praise General dyer” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “to get sympathy for the indians who died” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
After the incident, who helped the injured and the dying people?
(A) the army
(B) the police
(C) the civil administration
(D) Some people who lived nearby
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Some people who lived nearby”. (A) is weaker: “the army” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the police” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the civil administration” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What would be the feelings of the indian children brought up to the spot?
(A) Friendliness to the british rule
(B) bitterness about the british rule
(C) A sense of helplessness
(D) None of the above
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “bitterness about the british rule”. (A) is weaker: “Friendliness to the british rule” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “A sense of helplessness” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “None of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “reginald edward Harry dyer”. (A) is weaker: “reginald murree Harry dyer” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “reginald royce Harry dyer” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “reginald Coleman Harry dyer” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 5On 7th October 2023, an armed conflict broke out between israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militants from the Gaza Strip[o] after the latter launched a multi-pronged invasion of southern israel. After clearing Hamas militants, the israeli military retaliated by conducting an extensive aerial bombardment campaign on Gazan targets and followed up with a large- scale ground invasion of Gaza. more than 1,400 israelis, mostly civilians, and more than 10,000 Palestinians have been killed in the fighting. Over 240 Israelis and foreign nationals were taken hostage and brought into the Gaza Strip. the Hamas-led attack began in the morning of 7 th October, as Palestinian militants in Gaza launched a barrage of over 5,000 rockets against israeli cities and kibbutzim while some 3,000 Palestinian militants breached the Gaza-israel barrier. Over 1,000 israeli civilians were killed in more than a dozen massacres, including the re’im music festival massacre, and military bases were attacked. Over 200 civilians and israeli soldiers were captured or abducted and taken to the Gaza Strip. At least 44 countries, mostly from the Western world, characterized the massacres of civilians as terrorism. Hamas declared that the invasion was carried out in response to the ‘‘desecration of the Al-Aqsa mosque’’, the Gaza Strip blockade, the construction of israeli settlements, and israeli settler violence against Palestinians in the West bank. israel declared a state of war on 8 th October, and its response to the attack has seen the most significant military escalation in the region since the Yom Kippur War. The current hostilities constitute the fifth war of the Gaza–Israel conflict, which is part of the broader Israeli– Palestinian conflict. In 2023, before the offensive started, an uptick in Israeli–Palestinian violence saw at least 247 Palestinians, 32 israelis, and two foreigners killed. According to the Gaza Health ministry, as of 6 November, over 10,000 Palestinians had been killed, including 79 UNRWA staff. Israel dropped a total of 6,000 bombs during the first six days of the conflict—nearly double the number of bombs dropped by the American-led CJTF—OIR in one month during the War against the islamic State. there has been widespread killing of civilians, and human rights groups and a panel of united Nations special rapporteurs have accused both israel and Hamas of war crimes.
Q31
What was the reason for Hamas-led Palestinian militants’ attack on israel?
(A) to retaliate against israeli settler violence against Palestinians
(B) in response to the desecration of the Western Wall
(C) to protest against the construction of Palestinian settlements in the West bank
(D) to seek an end to the Gaza Strip blockade
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to retaliate against israeli settler violence against Palestinians”. (B) is weaker: “in response to the desecration of the Western Wall” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “to protest against the construction of Palestinian settlements in the West bank” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to seek an end to the Gaza Strip blockade” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What was the reaction of the international community to the killing of israeli civilians?
(A) Condemned as terrorism by 44 countries
(B) ignored by most of the countries
(C) Supported by the uN
(D) Praised as a necessary measure by 10 countries
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Condemned as terrorism by 44 countries”. (B) is weaker: “ignored by most of the countries” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Supported by the uN” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Praised as a necessary measure by 10 countries” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following is not true about the historical context of the israel Hamas Conflict?
(A) the Palestinian refugees started settling under Ottoman rule in the late 19th Century
(B) Hamas emerged during the first Intifada in the late 1980s
(C) Hamas was formally known as the islamic resistance movement
(D) First intifada was a Palestinian uprising against israeli rule
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the Palestinian refugees started settling under Ottoman rule in the late 19th Century”. (B) is weaker: “Hamas emerged during the first Intifada in the late 1980s” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Hamas was formally known as the islamic resistance movement” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “First intifada was a Palestinian uprising against israeli rule” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What has been the response of the israeli military to the Hamas-led attack?
(A) declared a state of war and launched a ground invasion
(B) Conducted an aerial bombardment campaign only
(C) Asked for international intervention
(D) Captured and imprisoned the militants responsible
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “declared a state of war and launched a ground invasion”. (B) is weaker: “Conducted an aerial bombardment campaign only” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Asked for international intervention” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Captured and imprisoned the militants responsible” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the current hostilities known as in the Gaza-Israel conflict?
(A) Sixth war
(B) Fifth war
(C) Seventh war
(D) Fourth war
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Fifth war”. (A) is weaker: “Sixth war” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Seventh war” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Fourth war” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which major war does the current Gaza-Israel conflict resemble?
(A) Yom Kippur War
(B) iraq War
(C) Six-day War
(D) Gulf War
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Yom Kippur War”. (B) is weaker: “iraq War” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Six-day War” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Gulf War” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 6today, india has become the fourth country in the world to touch the surface of the moon. this success becomes even greater when we look at the place from where india had started its journey. there was a time when india did not have the required technology and there was no support either. We used to be among the ‘third World’ countries, standing in the third row. Today, India has become the fifth largest economy in the world. Today, from trade to technology, India is among the countries standing in the first row. In this journey from third row to first row, institutions like ISRO have played a major role. Today, you have taken ‘make in india’ to the moon. I have seen the photo in which our moon lander has firmly set its foot on the moon like Angad. On one hand is the confidence of Vikram while on the other hand is the bravery of Pragyan. Our Pragyan is continuously leaving its footprints on the moon. the pictures taken from different cameras, which have just been released, and i have had the privilege of seeing, are indeed amazing. For the first time, since the beginning of human civilization, for the first time in the history of lakhs of years on the earth, man is looking at the pictures of that place with his own eyes. india has done the work of showing these pictures to the world! All the scientists like you have done it. today, the whole world is acknowledging the significance of India’s scientific spirit, our technology and our scientific temperament. Chandrayaan maha Abhiyan is a success not only for india but for the entire humanity. [extracted from the Speech made by the Prime minister of india Shri. Narendra modi on the occasion of the landing of Chandrayaan 3 on 26th August 2023]
Q37
in what did india beco me the fourth country in the world?
(A) Sending a spacecraft to the moon
(B) Landing a spacecraft on the moon
(C) Landing a man on the moon
(D) Crashlanding (impacting) a spacecraft on the moon
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Landing a spacecraft on the moon”. (A) is weaker: “Sending a spacecraft to the moon” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Landing a man on the moon” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Crashlanding (impacting) a spacecraft on the moon” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to take photographs of the moon, while moving”. (A) is weaker: “to move around the moon, leaving footprints” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Showing these pictures to the world” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to record the laser radiation” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Name one institution that played a major role in bringing india to the forefront.
(A) tata industries
(B) indian Oil Corporation
(C) iSrO
(D) reliance industries
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “iSrO”. (A) is weaker: “tata industries” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “indian Oil Corporation” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “reliance industries” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the name of the moon lander and the rover?
(A) Vikram and Pragyan
(B) Pragyan-2 and Vikram
(C) Chandrayaan and Vikram
(D) Chandrayaan and Pragyan
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Vikram and Pragyan”. (B) is weaker: “Pragyan-2 and Vikram” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Chandrayaan and Vikram” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Chandrayaan and Pragyan” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to the scientists of iSrO”. (A) is weaker: “to the people of india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “to the world” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “to the students” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following countries in the world had touched the surface of the moon?
(A) united States of America, uSSr, China, india
(B) united States of America, russia, China, india
(C) united States of America, uSSr, France, india
(D) united States of America, russia, israel, india
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “united States of America, uSSr, China, india”. (B) is weaker: “united States of America, russia, China, india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “united States of America, uSSr, France, india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “united States of America, russia, israel, india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 7the 18 th G20 Summit, in which the heads of states and governments will meet, on September 9 and 10 will be held in india’s national capital New delhi. Over 25 world leaders along with other delegates are going to attend this mega event. One of the largest multilateral summits, the G20 Summit presents a significant diplomatic opportunity for india, which will convene with the adoption of a joint declaration by all the member states. india assumed the G20 Presidency on december 1 last year. the 18th G20 Summit in New delhi is scheduled to be held on September 9-10. …… the Group of twenty (G20) comprises 19 countries …. and the european union. the G20 members represent around 85% of the global GdP, over 75% of the global trade, and about two-thirds of the world population. …… World leaders from several countries and institutions will mark their presence at the event. they include uS President Joe biden, uK Prime minister rishi Sunak, Australian Prime minister Anthony Albanese, Canadian Prime minister Justin trudeau and French President emmanuel macron. However, russian President Vladimir Putin has opted out of the summit and foreign minister Sergei Lavrov will represent the country in his place. Chinese President Xi Jinping has also decided to skip the event and will send country’s Premier Li Qiang instead, according to sources. ……. the G20 Summit 2023 is being held under the theme – Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One earth. One Family. One Future) – centered around the value of all life including human, animal, plant, and microorganisms and their interconnectedness on the planet earth and in the wider universe. India’s presidency of the summit holds significance as it aims to become a voice for the ‘less developed’ global South in a world dominated by developed nations of the West. it is also likely to take up the issue of border tension with China. india, for its part, may attempt to straighten out its diplomatic intricacies with the West after it faced challenges due to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. [Extracted, with edits and revisions, from “India gears up for G20 Summit: Check event venue, guest list, special invitees”, Hindustan Times]
Q43
t he Group of twenty (G20) is a forum for _______________. Select the correct option.
(A) international economic cooperation
(B) international peace and security
(C) international cooperation for combating money laundering
(D) All of the above
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “international economic cooperation”. (B) is weaker: “international peace and security” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “international cooperation for combating money laundering” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
the G20 Summit is hosted by the incumbent ‘Presidency’. the G20 Presidency is responsible for bringing together the G20 agenda in consultation with other members and in response to developments in the global economy. Which country will hold the Presidency in 2024?
(A) india
(B) indonesia
(C) brazil
(D) Saudi Arabia
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “brazil”. (A) is weaker: “india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “indonesia” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Saudi Arabia” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which one of the following countries is not a member of the G20?
(A) egypt
(B) mexico
(C) republic of Korea
(D) turkiye
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “egypt”. (B) is weaker: “mexico” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “republic of Korea” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “turkiye” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
At every G20 Summit, the host country invites countries and institutions that are not members of the G20. Which among the following denotes the correct list of countries being G20 invitees to the Summit held in New delhi in September 2023?
(A) Nepal, bangladesh, egypt, Netherlands
(B) bhutan, mauritius, Nigeria, Oman
(C) bangladesh, Singapore, Spain, Netherlands
(D) Sri Lanka, egypt, uAe, mauritius
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “bangladesh, Singapore, Spain, Netherlands”. (A) is weaker: “Nepal, bangladesh, egypt, Netherlands” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “bhutan, mauritius, Nigeria, Oman” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Sri Lanka, egypt, uAe, mauritius” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 8On 26th January 1950, we are going to enter into a life of contradictions. in politics, we will have equality and in social and economic structure, continue to deny the principle of one man one value. How long shall we continue to live this life of contradictions? How long shall we continue to deny equality in our social and economic life? if we continue to deny it for long, we will do so only by putting our political democracy in peril. We must remove this contradiction at the earliest possible moment else those who suffer from inequality will blow up the structure of democracy, which this Constituent Assembly has so laboriously built up. i feel that the Constitution is workable, it is flexible and it is strong enough to hold the country together both in peacetime and in wartime. indeed, if i may say so, if things go wrong under the new Constitution, the reason will not be that we had a bad Constitution. What we will have to say is that man was vile? the third thing we must do is not be content with mere political democracy. We must note that our political democracy cannot last unless there lies at the base of social democracy. What does social democracy mean? it means a way of life, which recognizes liberty, equality and fraternity as the principles of life. … however, good a Constitution may be, it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it, happen to be a bad lot. However, bad a Constitution may be, it may turn out to be good if those who are called to work it, happen to be a good lot. the working of a Constitution does not depend wholly upon the nature of the Constitution. [excerpts from dr. Ambedkar’s address to the Constituent Assembly, 25 November 1949]
Q47
What is the life of contradiction referred to here?
(A) that of equality in politics but inequality in social and economic structure
(B) that of inequality in politics but equality in social and economic structure
(C) that of inequality in social structure but equality in economic structure
(D) t hat of equality in politics and economic structure but inequality in social structure
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “that of equality in politics but inequality in social and economic structure”. (B) is weaker: “that of inequality in politics but equality in social and economic structure” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “that of inequality in social structure but equality in economic structure” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “t hat of equality in politics and economic structure but inequality in social structure” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What will happen, according to dr. Ambedkar, if we continue to deny equality in our social and economic life?
(A) there will be no injustice
(B) Our political democracy will be in danger
(C) equality in social and economic life will be achieved nevertheless
(D) Our social and economic life will be in peril
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Our political democracy will be in danger”. (A) is weaker: “there will be no injustice” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “equality in social and economic life will be achieved nevertheless” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Our social and economic life will be in peril” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What might be the cause, according to dr. Ambedkar, if things go wrong under the new Constitution?
(A) that the Constitution was ignored
(B) that the men called upon to work the Constitution were good
(C) that the men called upon to work the Constitution were not good
(D) that the Constitution was bad and failed the people
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “that the men called upon to work the Constitution were not good”. (A) is weaker: “that the Constitution was ignored” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “that the men called upon to work the Constitution were good” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “that the Constitution was bad and failed the people” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “equality in social life”. (A) is weaker: “equality before the Law” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “equality of opportunities” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “equality in economic life” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
(A) When the people called upon to work it are good
(B) When the people called upon to work it are bad
(C) When the Constitution is amended
(D) None of the above
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “When the people called upon to work it are good”. (B) is weaker: “When the people called upon to work it are bad” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “When the Constitution is amended” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “None of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following statement is not correct about what dr. b.r. Ambedkar feel about the Constitution?
(A) the Constitution is workable
(B) The Constitution is flexible
(C) t he Constitution is strong enough to hold the country together in peacetime only
(D) the Constitution is strong enough to hold the country together both in peacetime and in wartime
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “t he Constitution is strong enough to hold the country together in peacetime only”. (A) is weaker: “the Constitution is workable” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “The Constitution is flexible” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the Constitution is strong enough to hold the country together both in peacetime and in wartime” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 9the indian legal system places a significant emphasis on protecting the rights and welfare of children. the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, is a vital piece of legislation in this regard. It is designed to ensure that children in conflict with the law receive special care, protection, and treatment, with the ultimate goal of their rehabilitation and reintegration into society. One of the key provisions of the Act is the establishment of Juvenile Justice boards (JJbs) at the district level. these boards consist of a metropolitan magistrate or Judicial magistrate of the first class and two social workers, at least one of whom should be a woman. The primary function of the JJb is to determine the age of the juvenile, the circumstances in which the offense was committed, and whether the juvenile should be sent to a special home or released on probation. The Act makes a clear distinction between a “child in conflict with the law” and a “child in need of care and protection.” A child in conflict with the law is one who has committed an offense, while a child in need of care and protection is a child who is vulnerable or at risk and requires special care and support. The Act introduces a unique approach to dealing with children who are in conflict with the law. For children between the ages of 16 and 18, who have committed heinous offenses, they can be tried as adults, subject to a preliminary assessment by the Juvenile Justice board. this assessment considers the child’s mental and physical capacity to commit such an offense. if the board determines that the child should be tried as an adult, the case is transferred to the regular criminal courts. the Act also places restrictions on the publication of information that could lead to the identification of a juvenile offender. This is done to protect the privacy and future prospects of the child.
Q53
What is the primary objective of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015?
(A) to punish child offenders
(B) To rehabilitate and reintegrate children in conflict with the law
(C) to remove all forms of violence against children
(D) to increase the age of criminal responsibility
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “To rehabilitate and reintegrate children in conflict with the law”. (A) is weaker: “to punish child offenders” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “to remove all forms of violence against children” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to increase the age of criminal responsibility” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
(C) A Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class and two Social Workers
(D) Three Police Officers
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “A Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class and two Social Workers”. (A) is weaker: “two Judges” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “A metropolitan magistrate and two Lawyers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Three Police Officers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the role of the Juvenile Justice board (JJb)?
(A) to determine the punishment for juvenile offenders
(B) to decide whether a child should be sent to a regular prison
(C) to assess the age and circumstances of the juvenile, and make decisions on rehabilitation
(D) to prosecute child offenders
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to assess the age and circumstances of the juvenile, and make decisions on rehabilitation”. (A) is weaker: “to determine the punishment for juvenile offenders” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “to decide whether a child should be sent to a regular prison” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to prosecute child offenders” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the distinction between a ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ and a ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ ?
(A) there is no distinction; both terms mean the same thing
(B) A ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ has committed a crime, while a ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ is vulnerable or at risk
(C) A ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ is more likely to commit crimes
(D) A ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ is an adolescent offender
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “A ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ has committed a crime, while a ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ is vulnerable or at risk”. (A) is weaker: “there is no distinction; both terms mean the same thing” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “A ‘‘child in need of care and protection’’ is more likely to commit crimes” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “A ‘‘child in conflict with the law’’ is an adolescent offender” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
under what circumstances can children between the ages of 16 and 18 be tried as adults?
(A) they can always be tried as adults
(B) After a preliminary assessment by the Juvenile Justice board
(C) When they have committed any offense, regardless of the severity
(D) When they reach the age of 18
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “After a preliminary assessment by the Juvenile Justice board”. (A) is weaker: “they can always be tried as adults” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “When they have committed any offense, regardless of the severity” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “When they reach the age of 18” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the purpose of placing restrictions on the publication of information related to juvenile offenders?
(A) to increase the age of criminal responsibility
(B) to protect the privacy and future prospects of the child
(C) to encourage public shaming of juvenile offenders
(D) to help law enforcement track juvenile offenders
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to protect the privacy and future prospects of the child”. (A) is weaker: “to increase the age of criminal responsibility” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “to encourage public shaming of juvenile offenders” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to help law enforcement track juvenile offenders” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 10in india, the legal landscape surrounding online defamation is a subject of significant interest and debate. With the rise of social media, and online platforms, cases of online defamation have become increasingly common. defamation refers to making false statements about someone that harm their reputation. Online defamation includes defamatory statements made on the internet, including social media, blogs, forums, and other online platforms. One critical aspect of online defamation is determining the liability of intermediaries, such as social media platforms or websites, for defamatory content posted by users. Section 79 of the information technology Act, 2000, provides a safe harbor for intermediaries, stating that they are not liable for third-party content if they act as intermediaries and follow due diligence in removing or disabling access to the content once notified. However, determining whether an intermediary has fulfilled its due diligence obligations can be complex. the indian judiciary has been actively interpreting this provision. One significant case is the Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, in which the Supreme Court clarified that intermediaries are required to act upon a valid court order or government directive for content removal, not upon private complaints. t he court also emphasized that the intermediaries should not take a proactive role in monitoring content, as this could potentially infringe on free speech. While the law provides a safe harbor, it does not absolve intermediaries from their responsibilities. Online defamation cases often involve a balancing act between the right to freedom of expression and the right to reputation. the indian legal system requires a careful examination of the content, context, and intent of the statements to determine whether they qualify as defamatory. Additionally, the plaintiff in an online defamation case must prove that the statement was false, damaging to their reputation, and made with a degree of fault, such as negligence or actual malice.
Q59
What is the primary focus of the passage?
(A) the rise of social media in india
(B) the legal aspects of online defamation in india
(C) the role of intermediaries in online content
(D) the importance of free speech on the internet
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the legal aspects of online defamation in india”. (A) is weaker: “the rise of social media in india” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the role of intermediaries in online content” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the importance of free speech on the internet” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is online defamation, as described in the passage?
(A) making harmful statements about someone in person
(B) False statements made on the internet that harm someone’s reputation
(C) Online harassment
(D) A form of political activism
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “False statements made on the internet that harm someone’s reputation”. (A) is weaker: “making harmful statements about someone in person” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Online harassment” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “A form of political activism” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the significance of Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, as mentioned in the passage?
(A) It defines defamation laws in India
(B) it provides safe harbor for intermediaries in cases of online defamation
(C) it regulates the content on social media platforms
(D) it allows private complaints against online defamation
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it provides safe harbor for intermediaries in cases of online defamation”. (A) is weaker: “It defines defamation laws in India” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “it regulates the content on social media platforms” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “it allows private complaints against online defamation” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
According to the Supreme Court in the Shreya Singhal v. Union of India case, under what circumstances should intermediaries act in response to content removal?
(A) upon receiving a private complaint
(B) upon a valid court order or government directive
(C) Proactively to monitor content
(D) Only if the content is found to be defamatory
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “upon a valid court order or government directive”. (A) is weaker: “upon receiving a private complaint” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Proactively to monitor content” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Only if the content is found to be defamatory” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
How does the indian legal system balance the right to Freedom of expression and the right to reputation in online defamation cases?
(A) by favoring freedom of expression over reputation
(B) by favoring reputation over freedom of expression
(C) by carefully examining the content, context, and intent of statements
(D) by absolving intermediaries of their responsibilities
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “by carefully examining the content, context, and intent of statements”. (A) is weaker: “by favoring freedom of expression over reputation” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “by favoring reputation over freedom of expression” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “by absolving intermediaries of their responsibilities” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
in an online defamation case, what must the plaintiff prove about the defamatory statement?
(A) that it was political activism
(B) that it was made with good intentions
(C) that it was true and intended to inform the public
(D) t hat it was false, damaging to their reputation, and made with a degree of fault
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “t hat it was false, damaging to their reputation, and made with a degree of fault”. (A) is weaker: “that it was political activism” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “that it was made with good intentions” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “that it was true and intended to inform the public” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is the role of intermediaries in the context of online defamation cases?
(A) to actively monitor and censor content
(B) to act upon private complaints for content removal
(C) to completely absolve themselves of liability
(D) to encourage online defamation
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “to completely absolve themselves of liability”. (A) is weaker: “to actively monitor and censor content” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “to act upon private complaints for content removal” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “to encourage online defamation” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 11the editors Guild of india has expressed concern over the “draconian provisions” of the Press and registration of Periodicals (PrP) bill, 2023, that can have an adverse impact on freedom of the press. The Guild added: “Editors Guild of India would like the proposed bill to ensure that publishing of news in india remains free of encumbrances and intrusive checks on publishers by the registrar, and that the primary emphasis of the registrar and the PrP remains ‘registration’ and not ‘regulation’, as the latter has the potential of restricting freedom of the press.” “In the definitions section, the term ‘specified authority’ gives power to government agencies beyond the Press registrar, to conduct the functions of the registrar, which could even include police and other law enforcement agencies. Given the intrusive, expansive, and vague nature of powers that the bill in any case allows to the Press registrar, the power to further delegate this power to other government agencies including law enforcement agencies is deeply distressing,” the Guild said. t he statement says sections 4(1) and 11(4) allow the registrar to deny the right to bring out a periodical and cancel the certificate of registration of a periodical to persons convicted of “terrorist act or unlawful activity” or “for having done anything against the security of the State”. “interestingly, the Prb Act, 1867, had no such provisions. Given the liberal and arbitrary use of UAPA (which is the basis for defining ‘terrorist act’ and ‘unlawful activity’), as well as other criminal laws, including sedition, against journalists and media organisations to suppress freedom of speech, the Guild is deeply concerned by the introduction of these new provisions, and the way they can be misused to deny the right to bring out news publications to persons who are critical of governments,” it said. Among the other worrisome provisions listed by the Guild is Section 6(b), which gives power to the Press Registrar (as well as any other “specified authority”) to enter the premises of a periodical to “inspect or take copies of the relevant records or documents or ask any questions necessary for obtaining any information required to be furnished”. [extracted, with edits and revisions from “editors Guild of india expresses concern over draconian provisions of the Press and registration of Periodicals bills, 2023” published in the telegraph dated 07-08-2023]
Q66
The PRP Bill defines “newspaper” to mean a periodical of loose-folded sheets usually printed on newsprint and brought out daily or at least once in a week, containing information on current events, public news or comments on public news. Who among the following is covered by the definition of newspaper?
(A) mr. X publishing news content on digital media
(B) mr. Y publishing books containing the comments of the public on public news
(C) mr. Z publishing news content in print media on weekly basis
(D) All of the above
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “mr. Z publishing news content in print media on weekly basis”. (A) is weaker: “mr. X publishing news content on digital media” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “mr. Y publishing books containing the comments of the public on public news” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Who among the following is not eligible to publish a periodical as per the PrP bill?
(A) mr. A convicted of waging war against Government of india
(B) m r. b, accused of unlawful activities under the unlawful Activities Prevention Act
(C) m r. C, accused of terrorist activities under the unlawful Activities Prevention Act
(D) All of the above
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “mr. A convicted of waging war against Government of india”. (B) is weaker: “m r. b, accused of unlawful activities under the unlawful Activities Prevention Act” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “m r. C, accused of terrorist activities under the unlawful Activities Prevention Act” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following is a threat to the freedom of press in india?
(A) Liberal use of unlawful Activities Prevention Act against Journalists refrains journalists from tracing, tracking and publishing investigative articles because they apprehend that they might be linked with criminals
(B) u se of Sedition laws against journalists under the guise that through their articles they are promoting hatred and exciting disaffection against the government
(C) Levy of GSt on newspapers
(D) both ( A) and
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “both ( A) and”. (A) is weaker: “Liberal use of unlawful Activities Prevention Act against Journalists refrains journalists from tracing, tracking and publishing investigati” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “u se of Sedition laws against journalists under the guise that through their articles they are promoting hatred and exciting disaffection ag” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Levy of GSt on newspapers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
The PRP Bill defines “specified authority” to mean a District Magistrate or Collector or such other officer as the State Government or, as the case may be, Union territory Administration may, by notification, specify. The PRP Bill is criticised by Editors Guild of India because:
(A) The definition of specified authority is too wide and can include even officers below the level of Collector. The PRP Bill enables the specified authority to perform the functions of Press registrar General
(B) the PrP bill confers various powers on the Press registrar General including the power to register, deny registration, cancel the registration, etc
(C) The PRP Bill enables the specified authority to enter the premises of a periodical for inspection
(D) All of the above
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “All of the above”. (A) is weaker: “The definition of specified authority is too wide and can include even officers below the level of Collector. The PRP Bill enables the speci” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the PrP bill confers various powers on the Press registrar General including the power to register, deny registration, cancel the registrati” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “The PRP Bill enables the specified authority to enter the premises of a periodical for inspection” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Freedom of press is not specifically guaranteed under the Constitution of India but is implied in Article 19(1)
(A) i.e. Freedom of Speech and expression. therefore, freedom of press is part of fundamental rights
(B) Fundamental rights are not absolute rights and reasonable restrictions can be imposed on the exercise of fundamental rights and therefore, laws such as PrP bill can be enacted
(C) Freedom of press being a fundamental right, journalists and press is exempt from the operation of general criminal law of the country
(D) None of the above
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Fundamental rights are not absolute rights and reasonable restrictions can be imposed on the exercise of fundamental rights and therefore, laws such as PrP bill can be enacted”. (A) is weaker: “i.e. Freedom of Speech and expression. therefore, freedom of press is part of fundamental rights” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Freedom of press being a fundamental right, journalists and press is exempt from the operation of general criminal law of the country” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “None of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
PrP bill denies the right to publish periodicals to a person who has been found to have committed a terrorist act and has been convicted by a competent Court in india. Which of the following is most appropriate reason?
(A) the right to publish a periodical is denied because criminals do not possess any fundamental rights
(B) the right to publish a periodical is denied because such a person is a threat to the society and nation
(C) the right to publish a periodical is denied because they may not be neutral in reporting and may incite violence and spread disaffection against the state being themselves involved in terrorist acts
(D) All of the above
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the right to publish a periodical is denied because they may not be neutral in reporting and may incite violence and spread disaffection against the state being themselves involved in terrorist acts”. (A) is weaker: “the right to publish a periodical is denied because criminals do not possess any fundamental rights” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the right to publish a periodical is denied because such a person is a threat to the society and nation” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 12there are some advantages of the digital Personal data Protection Act (dPdPA), 2023. For instance, for the first time, personal data belonging to or identifying children will have to be classified separately, with such data carrying a greater degree of security and privacy. The law also seeks to reduce the rate and impact of data breaches targeting indian businesses. the digital Personal data Protection law, however, goes a step beyond by imposing penalties for cases where data is breached as a result of a lack of implementation of adequate security controls. However, it could be said that the law isn’t balanced, because it provides wide exemptions to the processing of personal data to the government. For instance, data can be processed “in the interest of prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of any offence … in india.” these kinds of exemptions are dangerous as they stand to legitimise widespread and unwarranted collection of data under the guise that such collection and processing may ultimately be useful for preventing or deterring a crime. Security agencies will have significant authority to collect and retain any data whatsoever, as is typically the case with exemptions relating to the maintenance of sovereignty, integrity, security of the state, preservation of public order, prevention of offences, and incitement to commit offences. the law also exempts processing of personal data held outside of india. the government is also exempt from being required to delete any data that it possesses, regardless of the purpose it may have been collected for, on the request of an individual, or by way of a prescribed data retention period. The government is not bound by purpose limitations, allowing data collected for one specified purpose be used for a new, incompatible purpose, which stands in contrast to the regulations imposed on businesses. [extracted, with edits and revisions from “ digital Personal data Protection Law raises Questions About Consistency with right to Privacy ruling” published in the Wire dated 22-08-2023]
Q72
m r. Lal was suffering from a rare disease and the data relating of that was collected by the government. Suppose the dPdPA, 2023 provides exemptions for the government relating to data deemed “necessary for research, archiving or statistical purposes” if the personal data is not to be used to take any decision specific to a data principal and such processing is carried on in accordance with such standards as may be prescribed. Which of the following is most appropriate?
(A) the personal data of mr. Lal can be preserved by the government till the research on rare disease is complete
(B) the data can only be used for taking any decision regarding mr. Lal
(C) the personal data of mr. Lal’s health conditions and his personal data can be preserved by; the private hospital forever and used for research by them without his consent
(D) All of the above
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the personal data of mr. Lal can be preserved by the government till the research on rare disease is complete”. (B) is weaker: “the data can only be used for taking any decision regarding mr. Lal” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the personal data of mr. Lal’s health conditions and his personal data can be preserved by; the private hospital forever and used for resear” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Suppose the dPdPA, 2023 provided exemption for the processing of personal data for the purpose of ascertaining the financial position of any person who has defaulted in payment of amount due on loan taken from a nationalised bank. mr. X Commits a default in repayment of emi of loan taken from a nationalized bank.
(A) the bank can demand access to and process the personal data of mr. X relating to family history of ailments from which mr. X or his family was suffering
(B) the bank can process the personal data of mr. X viz., the particulars of the family, wife, children, brothers etc
(C) t he bank can process the data of mr. X for the purpose of ascertaining the assets and liabilities of the defaulter
(D) All of the above
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “t he bank can process the data of mr. X for the purpose of ascertaining the assets and liabilities of the defaulter”. (A) is weaker: “the bank can demand access to and process the personal data of mr. X relating to family history of ailments from which mr. X or his family w” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the bank can process the personal data of mr. X viz., the particulars of the family, wife, children, brothers etc” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Suppose mr. Y, a citizen of india, is working in an mNC in New Zealand since 2021. the mNC has obtained personal details of the employee for the purpose of recovering the amount of indemnity bond if mr. Y left the job within three years of joining.
(A) Mr. Y can file an application in India for protection of his digital personal data under the dPdPA if he leaves the job in September 2023, and returns to india
(B) mr. Y, being a citizen of india, can claim protection against the mNC for misuse of his personal data even while serving in New Zealand
(C) the dPdPA 2023 is not applicable since the data is held outside india
(D) the dPdPA 2023, is not applicable since the data has been obtained before the enactment of dPdPA
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the dPdPA 2023 is not applicable since the data is held outside india”. (A) is weaker: “Mr. Y can file an application in India for protection of his digital personal data under the dPdPA if he leaves the job in September 2023, a” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “mr. Y, being a citizen of india, can claim protection against the mNC for misuse of his personal data even while serving in New Zealand” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the dPdPA 2023, is not applicable since the data has been obtained before the enactment of dPdPA” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
i f personal data is defined as any data about an individual who is identifiable by or in relation to such data, which of the following shall be classified as the personal data?
(A) Name of the Person
(B) Full residential Address
(C) Aadhar Number
(D) All of the Above
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “All of the Above”. (A) is weaker: “Name of the Person” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Full residential Address” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Aadhar Number” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
i n which of the following cases, the access to personal data shall be granted and the person whose data is accessed and processed cannot claim personal data protection?
(A) mr. Z has committed many robberies and police wants to access his Aadhar details and fingerprint data for the purpose of tracing Mr. Z
(B) It is apprehended that a person identified as Mr. G would spread hatred among various communities which would lead to riots and Police intends to use the mobile number and other personal details of mr. G for the purpose of preventing such crimes
(C) both
(D) Neither
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “both”. (A) is weaker: “mr. Z has committed many robberies and police wants to access his Aadhar details and fingerprint data for the purpose of tracing Mr. Z” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “It is apprehended that a person identified as Mr. G would spread hatred among various communities which would lead to riots and Police inten” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Neither” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
(A) Personal data collected by a health service provider can be sold to an insurance agency by the service provider without the consent of the concerned person
(B) Personal data collected by the government can be used for whatever purpose
(C) Personal data collected by the insurance company can be sold to mobile companies for mobile marketing without the consent of the concerned person
(D) All of the above
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Personal data collected by the government can be used for whatever purpose”. (A) is weaker: “Personal data collected by a health service provider can be sold to an insurance agency by the service provider without the consent of the c” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Personal data collected by the insurance company can be sold to mobile companies for mobile marketing without the consent of the concerned p” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “All of the above” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 13the Supreme Court on September 1 held that a child born of a void or voidable marriage can inherit the parent’s share in a joint Hindu family property. A three-judge bench headed by Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud however clarified that such a child would not be entitled to rights in or to the property of any other person in the family. A voidable marriage is one that is made invalid by the husband or wife through a decree. A void marriage is invalid at its very inception. Chief Justice Chandrachud said the first step to the inheritance of a child from a void or voidable marriage would be to ascertain the exact share of his parent in the ancestral property. this could be done by means of conducting a “notional partition” of the ancestral property and calculating how much of the property the parent would have got immediately before his death. Once the share of the deceased parent in the property is ascertained through such a notional partition, his heirs, including his children by means of void or voidable marriage, would be entitled to their portions in the share. the Chief Justice said that Section 16 of the Hindu marriage Act has statutorily conferred legitimacy to children born out of void or voidable marriages. in fact, Chief Justice Chandrachud pointed out that Section 16(3) stipulates that children from void and voidable marriages would have a right to their parents’ property. the court said the intent of granting legitimacy to such children in the Hindu Marriage Act should also be reflected in the Hindu Succession Act, which governs inheritance. Children from void or voidable marriages come within the ambit of “legitimate kinship” and cannot be regarded as illegitimate by the Hindu Succession Act when it comes to inheritance. the case before the three-judge bench was focused on an amended provision in the Hindu marriage Act, Section 16(3). the case was referred to a larger bench in 2011 after a division bench of the apex court refused to follow past precedents and championed the cause of children born out of illegitimate marriages. […] “With changing social norms of legitimacy in every society, including ours, what was illegitimate in the past may be legitimate today. the concept of legitimacy stems from social consensus, in the shaping of which various social groups play a vital role,” Justice Ganguly, who authored the 2011 judgment, had observed. during the hearings on the reference, Chief Justice Chandrachud had agreed with the Division Bench’s findings that children from void and voidable marriages had rights over the property, whether self-acquired or ancestral, of their parents. [extracted with edits and revisions from “Children from void, voidable marriages entitled to parents’ share in ancestral property: Supreme Court”, by Krishnadas Rajagopal, The Hindu, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/children-from-void-voidable-marriages-are- legitimate-can-claim-rights-in-parents-properties-sc/article67259229.ece ]
Q78
Ashima and Ashok got married to each other in a traditional Hindu ceremony in Kolkata, after which they both moved to the uSA, where Ashok had a job. in the uSA, they had a child, whom they named Gogol. many years later, Ashima found that Ashok was already married to Sushma before their wedding in Kolkata. Ashok and Sushma also had a child from their marriage, Arpita, who was older than Gogol by 4 years. Ashok explained to Ashima that although he had no intention of cheating on her, he had to keep his marriage to Sushma a secret since his parents would have never agreed as Sushma belonged to a different caste. Ashima is shocked to learn that her marriage to Ashok is void as per Hindu marriage laws since Ashok was already married before their wedding. She is trying to explore possibilities so that Gogol doesn’t lose his inheritance from his father’s side of the family. based on your reading of the passage, what do you think is the correct position with respect to Gogol’s inheritance rights?
(A) Gogol could claim the entirety of Ashok’s share of the ancestral property
(B) Gogol would inherit the entire ancestral property as the only son of Ashok
(C) Gogol would inherit his share from within Ashok’s share of the full ancestral property without prejudice to the inheritance of other legal heirs, including Arpita
(D) Only Sushma and Arpita are the rightful legal heirs of Ashok
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Gogol would inherit his share from within Ashok’s share of the full ancestral property without prejudice to the inheritance of other legal heirs, including Arpita”. (A) is weaker: “Gogol could claim the entirety of Ashok’s share of the ancestral property” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Gogol would inherit the entire ancestral property as the only son of Ashok” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Only Sushma and Arpita are the rightful legal heirs of Ashok” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
in the above fact scenario, consider a property that was purchased by Ashok from his own earnings in the uSA, thereby not making it part of ancestral property but instead falling in the category of self-acquired property. upon Ashok’s death, who would have inheritance rights over the said property?
(A) Sushma and Ashima
(B) Sushma, Ashima, Arpita, and Gogol, as they are all his rightful legal heirs
(C) Sushma, Arpita, and Gogol
(D) Sushma and Arpita
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Sushma, Arpita, and Gogol”. (A) is weaker: “Sushma and Ashima” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Sushma, Ashima, Arpita, and Gogol, as they are all his rightful legal heirs” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Sushma and Arpita” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
based on your re ading of the passage, how did the Hindu Marriage Act influence the outcome of the case on inheritance? Select one option from below:
(A) the amended provisions of the Hindu marriage Act grant legitimacy to children from voidable marriages and therefore this logic should be extended to children born of voidable and void marriages under the Hindu Succession Act
(B) the amended provisions of the Hindu marriage Act give legitimacy to the second marriage and therefore this should also have an impact on the Hindu Succession Act
(C) the amended provisions of the Hindu marriage Act grant legitimate status to children from void or voidable marriages and therefore this should also extend to the Hindu Succession Act
(D) the Hindu marriage Act has no bearing on the case in question
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the amended provisions of the Hindu marriage Act grant legitimate status to children from void or voidable marriages and therefore this should also extend to the Hindu Succession Act”. (A) is weaker: “the amended provisions of the Hindu marriage Act grant legitimacy to children from voidable marriages and therefore this logic should be ext” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the amended provisions of the Hindu marriage Act give legitimacy to the second marriage and therefore this should also have an impact on the” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the Hindu marriage Act has no bearing on the case in question” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
12-year-old Kausalya was married off to 23-year-old dashrath in her maternal home in uttar Pradesh. She completed her education after her marriage and went on to get a job as a teacher at a government school. dashrath’s family, however, was opposed to her taking up a job outside the house and insisted that she should stay at home and look after her 2 sons, ram and Lakshman. Kausalya, however, was very excited about starting her new job and sought advice from her younger sister, Vershini, who was training to be a lawyer. Vershini advises her that since she was married before she turned 18, her marriage was voidable and she could get it annulled. Kausalya, who was not very happy in her marriage, considers this option but is worried that her sons may lose their inheritance. Select the option that denotes correctly the status of ram and Lakshman to inherit their father’s ancestral property.
(A) Kausalya’s children cannot inherit dashrath’s ancestral property but can inherit his self-acquired property
(B) b oth ram and Lakshman can inherit their father’s share of the ancestral property irrespective of the voidable status of their parent’s marriage
(C) if Kausalya decides to annul her voidable marriage, she and her sons would lose all rights of inheriting ancestral property from dashrath
(D) ram and Lakshman can only inherit ancestral property from their mother’s side since she decided to annul the voidable marriage
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “b oth ram and Lakshman can inherit their father’s share of the ancestral property irrespective of the voidable status of their parent’s marriage”. (A) is weaker: “Kausalya’s children cannot inherit dashrath’s ancestral property but can inherit his self-acquired property” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “if Kausalya decides to annul her voidable marriage, she and her sons would lose all rights of inheriting ancestral property from dashrath” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “ram and Lakshman can only inherit ancestral property from their mother’s side since she decided to annul the voidable marriage” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Ajay is married to 2 women, diya and riya, and both don’t k now of each other. He was married to Diya first, when they were both around 23 years of age and studying together in college. they have no children. He later got married to riya in a temple, and she had no idea about his first marriage with Diya. Ajay and Riya have 2 children, raj and rani. One day, riya found out about diya from one of Ajay’s college friends. She wants to divorce Ajay but finds out that her marriage to him is void since he was already married at that time. At a loss, she goes to a lawyer to find out about the rights of her children to inherit property. Which is the most legally sound advice that the lawyer could give to her?
(A) He would say that her children can still inherit property from Ajay thanks to the Supreme Court judgment
(B) He would advise her to get her marriage registered so that they can inherit property
(C) He would advise her to ignore her marriage with Ajay since it is anyway a void marriage
(D) He would advise her to speak to diya and sort it out with her so that her children can inherit property since she would have the final say
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “He would say that her children can still inherit property from Ajay thanks to the Supreme Court judgment”. (B) is weaker: “He would advise her to get her marriage registered so that they can inherit property” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “He would advise her to ignore her marriage with Ajay since it is anyway a void marriage” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “He would advise her to speak to diya and sort it out with her so that her children can inherit property since she would have the final say” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
in the above scenari o, riya wants to know if there is any way in which the judgment can come to her aid while inheriting property owned by Ajay. What would the correct position of law?
(A) No, she cannot inherit property as the judgment merely talks about the rights of children from void marriages
(B) Yes, she should fight for her rights to inherit property
(C) Yes, Ajay would have to give her property since he cheated on her
(D) She would get an equal share of property as diya, since they are both his wives who got married to him without knowing about each other
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “No, she cannot inherit property as the judgment merely talks about the rights of children from void marriages”. (B) is weaker: “Yes, she should fight for her rights to inherit property” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Yes, Ajay would have to give her property since he cheated on her” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “She would get an equal share of property as diya, since they are both his wives who got married to him without knowing about each other” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Srimati’s first marriage was void due to being within the prohibited degree of relationship. Dhanalakshmi, who is the daughter of Srimati from her first marriage confronts her mother once she finds her identity, demanding her share in her mother’s ancestral property. Srimati, however, subsequently married dhrupad and has 2 daughters with him- ira and Shira and is not interested in giving any property to dhanalakshmi. dhanalakshmi decides to assert her right in a court of law. How would dhanalakshmi’s share be determined?
(A) dhanalakshmi would not have any right in her mother’s share of the property since the right of inheritance pertains only to father’s share of property
(B) dhanalakshmi could demand a notional partition and get a share from Srimati’s portion of her ancestral property
(C) being a child from a void marriage, dhanalakshmi has no rights of inheritance
(D) it is Srimati’s decision as to whom she gives rights in her property
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “dhanalakshmi could demand a notional partition and get a share from Srimati’s portion of her ancestral property”. (A) is weaker: “dhanalakshmi would not have any right in her mother’s share of the property since the right of inheritance pertains only to father’s share o” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “being a child from a void marriage, dhanalakshmi has no rights of inheritance” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “it is Srimati’s decision as to whom she gives rights in her property” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 14Words remain an enigma, their presence within human sphere is a unique mystery. they form the intricate tapestry that convinces us of our existence, blurring lines between fact and fiction. An engagement with words is the most captivating, enchanting, and sometimes daunting encounter with the world. A word, a symbolic entity formed from the ethereal, exists neither as animate nor inanimate, yet pulsates with life. it can emanate warmth or coldness, absorb emotions, or stand as dry as a rock. Words can provoke smiles and elicit joy. they are like glow-worms, momentarily dispelling the surrounding darkness and act as life-saving rafts amid the tumultuous ocean waves. Words grant us the ability to explore the universe, and “to see a world in a grain of sand.” as William blake noted. they impart a semantic existence to the lifeless, and bestow aesthetic form upon the formless. Scriptures say the word is the world. i say the world within the word is the abode of faith.
Q85
What is the central theme of the passage?
(A) the history of the human language
(B) the impact of words on human existence
(C) the importance of storytelling
(D) the mystery of human cognition
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the impact of words on human existence”. (A) is weaker: “the history of the human language” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the importance of storytelling” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the mystery of human cognition” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
According to the passage, what does a ‘word’ symbolize?
(A) An inanimate object
(B) An animate entity
(C) A tangible entity
(D) An intangible concept
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “An intangible concept”. (A) is weaker: “An inanimate object” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “An animate entity” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “A tangible entity” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
How does the passage describe words’ ability to affect emotions?
(A) Words can only evoke positive emotions
(B) Words can absorb emotions and become emotion themselves
(C) Words have no impact on emotions
(D) Words can be devoid of emotions
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Words can absorb emotions and become emotion themselves”. (A) is weaker: “Words can only evoke positive emotions” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Words have no impact on emotions” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Words can be devoid of emotions” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
“An engagement with words is the m ost captivating, enchanting, and sometimes daunting encounter with the world.” Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above statement?
(A) Words can be used to manipulate others
(B) the power of words should be used carefully
(C) Words can capture the atrocities of the world
(D) Words can paint a picture of the world in all its different colours
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Words can paint a picture of the world in all its different colours”. (A) is weaker: “Words can be used to manipulate others” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the power of words should be used carefully” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Words can capture the atrocities of the world” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following strengthens the author’s idea of words being “like glow-worms momentarily dispelling the surrounding darkness”?
(A) Words help in understanding reality
(B) Words illuminate the mind of the reader
(C) Words help in escaping reality
(D) Words cast darkness in the mind of the reader
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Words help in understanding reality”. (B) is weaker: “Words illuminate the mind of the reader” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Words help in escaping reality” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Words cast darkness in the mind of the reader” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
In the context of the passage, what is the significance of the “world within the word”?
(A) it refers to the power of language to create inspiration, energy and faith
(B) It signifies the author’s love for the global community
(C) it represents the mysteries hidden in language
(D) it describes the author’s mission to explore different cultures
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it refers to the power of language to create inspiration, energy and faith”. (B) is weaker: “It signifies the author’s love for the global community” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “it represents the mysteries hidden in language” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “it describes the author’s mission to explore different cultures” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 15Students have been abuzz over how artificial intelligence tools can do their homework and programmers over how these can increase their productivity or take away their jobs. As much as digitization has transformed the country in recent years, there is a widespread feeling that at some point around the horizon, Ai shall rejig everything in even more fundamental, fantastic, and frightening ways. this is why deciding how the coming changes should be regulated is very important. trAi has made a strong case for an independent statutory authority to ensure the responsible development and use of Ai in the country, a global agency along similar lines shall likely be pitched at the G20 leaders’ summit, and interestingly even American MNC Microsoft has floated a blueprint for AI governance in India. The great size and diversity of its “data points” make india of great interest to all developers of Ai technologies. but india is only at their receiving end, nowhere close to the uS and China’s advances. Although lately, it is becoming obvious how much state censorship is encumbering China’s Large Language modeling, the country is still very much in the game with PhDs in fields related to Ai, investments in Ai chip hardware design, and domestic generative models like Wu Dao. The scientific accomplishments of India’s Chandrayaan mission have seen it being wooed for various international space collaborations. this promises spinoff technological benefits across Indian industry and is also geo-strategically useful. Likewise, it is only with sufficient AI prowess that India shall really get to play at the high table of global rulemaking for Ai. Knowing how much indians’ future shall be shaped by generative Ai needs matching efforts to create indigenous models. in this and at this stage, a proactive government role is key, rather than just waiting on some large corporation to do the needful. missing this bus will after all be even more costly than missing the chip research one. Plus, GOi alone can push academia-industry collaborations with the necessary weight and urgency. this does not let other institutions off the hook. A uS judge has rejected the copyright for an Ai-generated artwork. indian courts should start engaging with the broader issue of non-human agency rather than wait for precedence to be set elsewhere. indian schools need to think beyond the ban-ChatGPt mindset. Let us lead instead of only being led. [Extracted from “First, get the tech: Unless India develops domestic AI heft, it wouldn’t play any meaningful part in global regulatory efforts”, Times of India]
Q91
Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?
(A) the best way to deal with the advancement of Ai is to leave its regulation to market forces
(B) Government-driven control of AI is inefficient and shall promote red-tapism
(C) Private companies with their large capital and infrastructure design the most efficient AI governance models
(D) Government-led initiatives of AI regulation and development lead to efficient outcomes
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Government-led initiatives of AI regulation and development lead to efficient outcomes”. (A) is weaker: “the best way to deal with the advancement of Ai is to leave its regulation to market forces” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Government-driven control of AI is inefficient and shall promote red-tapism” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Private companies with their large capital and infrastructure design the most efficient AI governance models” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the main argument of the passage?
(A) Governments that lead the initiative on regulating and responding to the advancement of AI tools benefit the most from them
(B) Governments that don’t engage with generative Ai and remain at its receiving end stay risk-averse with nothing to lose
(C) Governments that actively incentivise mNCs to participate in Ai governance make the most out of the advancements in the field
(D) Governments that explore models of public-private partnership strike the right balance in regulating generative Ai
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Governments that lead the initiative on regulating and responding to the advancement of AI tools benefit the most from them”. (B) is weaker: “Governments that don’t engage with generative Ai and remain at its receiving end stay risk-averse with nothing to lose” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Governments that actively incentivise mNCs to participate in Ai governance make the most out of the advancements in the field” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Governments that explore models of public-private partnership strike the right balance in regulating generative Ai” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
based only on the author’s statement that “indian courts should start engaging with the broader issue of non-human agency rather than wait for precedence to be set elsewhere”, which of the following would the author be most likely to agree with?
(A) Courts should take the initiative by being innovative and laying down rules where no precedents exist
(B) Courts should wait for precedents and in the meantime refrain from engaging with the challenges presented by generative Ai
(C) Courts should stop relying on precedents and decide cases on the basis of judicial wisdom
(D) Precedents are the best possible safeguard against arbitrary decision-making
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Courts should take the initiative by being innovative and laying down rules where no precedents exist”. (B) is weaker: “Courts should wait for precedents and in the meantime refrain from engaging with the challenges presented by generative Ai” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Courts should stop relying on precedents and decide cases on the basis of judicial wisdom” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Precedents are the best possible safeguard against arbitrary decision-making” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
i f the information in the passage above is correct, which of the following must necessarily be true?
(A) Ai regulation is the responsibility of the legislature alone
(B) Ai regulation is the responsibility of courts and can’t be addressed through standalone statutory rules
(C) Ai regulation is a collaborative effort involving all the institutions of the State
(D) Ai regulation is the domain of private industry
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Ai regulation is a collaborative effort involving all the institutions of the State”. (A) is weaker: “Ai regulation is the responsibility of the legislature alone” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Ai regulation is the responsibility of courts and can’t be addressed through standalone statutory rules” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Ai regulation is the domain of private industry” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
based on the author’s arguments, which of the following would result in weakening, rather than strengthening india’s position at the forefront of generative Ai?
(A) i nvesting in indigenous A i chip hardware design and domestic generative models
(B) Exploring spinoff technological benefits with other scientific advancements like the Chandrayaan mission
(C) introducing generative models like Wu dao which have demonstrated success in other jurisdictions
(D) Locally developing technologies such as indigenous Ai models
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “introducing generative models like Wu dao which have demonstrated success in other jurisdictions”. (A) is weaker: “i nvesting in indigenous A i chip hardware design and domestic generative models” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “Exploring spinoff technological benefits with other scientific advancements like the Chandrayaan mission” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Locally developing technologies such as indigenous Ai models” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
t he author states that, “missing this bus will after all be even more costly than missing the chip research one.” For this statement to be true, with which of the following statements about chip research must the author most likely agree?
(A) india lead chip research from its frontiers
(B) india was right to leave regulation of chip industry and research to mNCs
(C) india should have proactively played a role in responding to new research in chip technology
(D) the failure to respond to new developments in chip technology was a bigger loss than the potential failure to regulate generative Ai
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “india should have proactively played a role in responding to new research in chip technology”. (A) is weaker: “india lead chip research from its frontiers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “india was right to leave regulation of chip industry and research to mNCs” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the failure to respond to new developments in chip technology was a bigger loss than the potential failure to regulate generative Ai” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 16imagine you have just been appointed as a consultant for a manufacturing company that is experiencing a decline in its production efficiency. The company produces a wide range of products, and the management is concerned about the overall output. Your task is to identify the root causes of this decline and recommend solutions. As you begin your investigation, you gather information and observe the following: • The company recently introduced a new production system that is more automated but requires highly specialized operators. • The workforce has reported a lack of motivation and job satisfaction, which has led to increased absenteeism. • There have been several breakdowns in the new machinery, leading to production delays and quality issues. • The company’s competitors have adopted similar automation technologies and are experiencing increased productivity. • Customer complaints about product quality have increased in recent months.
Q97
based on the information provided, which of the following is a potential root cause of the decline in production efficiency?
(A) the introduction of a new production system
(B) Lack of motivation and job satisfaction among the workforce
(C) increased absenteeism
(D) breakdowns in machinery
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Lack of motivation and job satisfaction among the workforce”. (A) is weaker: “the introduction of a new production system” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “increased absenteeism” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “breakdowns in machinery” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What makes the introduction of the new production system a potential contributing factor to the decline in efficiency?
(A) the system is highly automated
(B) it requires specialized operators
(C) the machinery is prone to breakdowns
(D) Competitors have adopted similar technologies
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it requires specialized operators”. (A) is weaker: “the system is highly automated” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “the machinery is prone to breakdowns” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Competitors have adopted similar technologies” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What is a critical difference between the company’s situation and that of its competitors?
(A) both the company and its competitors have introduced new production systems
(B) the competitors have experienced increased customer complaints
(C) the company’s workforce lacks motivation and job satisfaction
(D) the company’s machinery is prone to breakdowns
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “the company’s workforce lacks motivation and job satisfaction”. (A) is weaker: “both the company and its competitors have introduced new production systems” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “the competitors have experienced increased customer complaints” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the company’s machinery is prone to breakdowns” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
How might the increased absenteeism affect production efficiency?
(A) it might lead to increased quality issues
(B) it might result in longer machinery breakdowns
(C) it could lead to delays in production
(D) It has no impact on production efficiency
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it could lead to delays in production”. (A) is weaker: “it might lead to increased quality issues” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “it might result in longer machinery breakdowns” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “It has no impact on production efficiency” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
What could be a possible solution to address the decline in production efficiency?
(A) Hire more specialized operators for the new system
(B) implement a motivation and job satisfaction program for the workforce
(C) upgrade the machinery to reduce breakdowns
(D) Purchase new machinery to replace the automated system
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “implement a motivation and job satisfaction program for the workforce”. (A) is weaker: “Hire more specialized operators for the new system” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “upgrade the machinery to reduce breakdowns” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Purchase new machinery to replace the automated system” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
based on the information provided, what is a potential consequence of increased customer complaints about product quality?
(A) it indicates that the company’s competitors are also experiencing quality issues
(B) it suggests that the company’s products are meeting customer expectations
(C) it may lead to a loss of customers and reputation damage
(D) it shows that the company’s automated system is performing well
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it may lead to a loss of customers and reputation damage”. (A) is weaker: “it indicates that the company’s competitors are also experiencing quality issues” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “it suggests that the company’s products are meeting customer expectations” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “it shows that the company’s automated system is performing well” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Passage 17in a world where aspirations for upward mobility are fervent, the opportunities for achieving such dreams remain limited. When one generation falls short, the mantle of ambition passes to the next, embedding within it a heavy burden of responsibility. Failing to meet these expectations can lead to profound sorrow, and in the direst cases, even to suicide. it’s in this landscape that coaching institutes assume a significant role, cultivating an atmosphere of uncertainty among students and parents. A stark discrepancy emerges between preparation for board examinations and competitive tests, amplifying the inequalities that plague the education system. the coaching industry’s massive marketing campaigns further exacerbate the situation, with some strategies veering into ethical grey areas. the tests themselves, designed to be more challenging than standardised exams, set the stage for feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt when not conquered. Our educational system is tailored to gauge an individual’s merit through examinations. eminent thinker michael J Sandel dubs this system the “tyranny of merit”, a sentiment echoed by the Supreme Court of india. upholding the ObC reservation judgment, the Court called for a deeper evaluation of the “idea of merit”, highlighting its nuanced nature. merit as a concept remains shrouded in misunderstanding and often goes unexamined within school curriculum. Adapting to new living arrangements, sourcing nourishing meals, battling isolation, and grappling with commutes form the backdrop against, which education unfolds. For marginalised communities and gender minorities, these hurdles are often amplified. Social media algorithms exacerbate mental health concerns, sowing loneliness and impeding attention spans and creativity. technology emerges as a potential equaliser in this landscape. Online platforms now offer preparation opportunities from the comfort of one’s home. Government-curated or market-driven content could usher in a new era of accessibility. [extracted, with edits and revisions from “Kota suicides: Coaching institutes manufacture insecurity — moving beyond the tyranny of merit might help” authored by Akash Kumar and published in the Indian express dated September 2, 2023]
Q103
As per the author, which one of the following is not likely leading to suicide among the students?
(A) incorrect marketing strategies by the coaching institutes
(B) burdening of ambitions by one generation to another
(C) Creation of hostile environment by the coaching institutes
(D) Living in a surrounding with different background and culture
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “incorrect marketing strategies by the coaching institutes”. (B) is weaker: “burdening of ambitions by one generation to another” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Creation of hostile environment by the coaching institutes” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Living in a surrounding with different background and culture” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following is not true regarding the education system as per the opinion of the author?
(A) it is primarily based on the merit of the students
(B) merit of the students is not the determining factor
(C) examination plays a pivotal role in the education system
(D) An individual’s merit cannot be identified without examination
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “merit of the students is not the determining factor”. (A) is weaker: “it is primarily based on the merit of the students” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “examination plays a pivotal role in the education system” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “An individual’s merit cannot be identified without examination” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following strengthens the argument regarding the ‘idea of merit’ as per the above-mentioned passage?
(A) t rue merit is multifaceted and extends beyond performance in a single competitive examination
(B) Pervasive inequalities can only be identified with the help of a single competitive examination
(C) true merit is not multifaceted and does not extend beyond performance in a single competitive examination
(D) the school education ensures the proper implementation of the idea of merit
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “t rue merit is multifaceted and extends beyond performance in a single competitive examination”. (B) is weaker: “Pervasive inequalities can only be identified with the help of a single competitive examination” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “true merit is not multifaceted and does not extend beyond performance in a single competitive examination” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “the school education ensures the proper implementation of the idea of merit” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following is correct regarding the inequalities mentioned by the author?
(A) there is no difference between the preparation of board and competitive examination
(B) education system accommodates the inequalities
(C) Competitive examination leads to social equality
(D) t here are existing inequalities which are enlarged by the competitive examinations
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “t here are existing inequalities which are enlarged by the competitive examinations”. (A) is weaker: “there is no difference between the preparation of board and competitive examination” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “education system accommodates the inequalities” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “Competitive examination leads to social equality” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which of the following statements reflects the use of online platforms for education as per the author?
(A) it provides equal opportunity to all the students irrespective of caste or creed
(B) it encourages the students to prepare for examination
(C) it should be the only means to education
(D) i t cannot be accessed by majority of the people due to technological impediments
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “it encourages the students to prepare for examination”. (A) is weaker: “it provides equal opportunity to all the students irrespective of caste or creed” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (C) is weaker: “it should be the only means to education” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “i t cannot be accessed by majority of the people due to technological impediments” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
Which one of the following is not a challenge for quality education?
(A) Influence of social media
(B) mental health of the students and parents
(C) Availability of online resources
(D) Lack of competitive atmosphere among the peers
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). That option is the best fit for the stem among the four: “Availability of online resources”. (A) is weaker: “Influence of social media” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (B) is weaker: “mental health of the students and parents” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. (D) is weaker: “Lack of competitive atmosphere among the peers” — it either contradicts the passage, answers a different question, or over-reads a detail. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 109 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 110 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 111 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 112 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 113 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 114 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 115 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — A
Explanation: Official Set A key is (A). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 116 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 117 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 118 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — C
Explanation: Official Set A key is (C). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 119 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — D
Explanation: Official Set A key is (D). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
CLAT UG 2024 Quantitative Techniques — question 120 (Set A, Q109–120). Open the Set A or Set B question PDF above for the printed table and options. The official Set A answer is recorded below.
Official key — B
Explanation: Official Set A key is (B). Match the keyed letter to the extract; do not import outside facts. KN explanation: work passage-first; eliminate, then lock.
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